Analysis of Lord Of the Flies essays

Analysis of Lord Of the Flies essays The classic novel, Lord of the Flies, is known throughout the world for its writing style, literary devices and unique ideas. William Golding said in one American lecture that as the World War II continued, he became more and more award of mans greed and cruelty. He then said that he looked for some way in which his ideas about the evil nature of man can have a disastrous effect. He found it in the play of children. The tropical island setting presents an environment free from civil order introducing a battle ground for the war of good and evil. The book is about the struggle and the survival of a group of boys trapped on an uninhibited island while a war is going on. William Golding explains the different sides of human nature and that all human beings are capable of being evil. Universal truths are things one can relate to. The book also deals with universal truths because many of the characters have characteristics one can relate to. The story is about a group of English school boys who were stranded on an island while a war is going on outside their realm. At first the boys have good intentions, they keep the fire going so that the passing ships can see the smoke and rescue them. However, because of the excessive amount of freedom, many boys quickly lose their sense of responsibility and they pass over for more exciting things, such as killing pigs for food. The killing of pigs slowly begins to take over the boys lives, and they begin to go about this in a ritualistic way, dancing around the dead animal and shouting. As this thirst for blood increases, it separates the group into different sides of human nature - rational and irrational. A boy whispers that he saw a beast, a big snake like thing which came in the dark in the woods. Then, the fear of a mythological beast is perpetuated by the younger members of the groups and the boys are forced to do something about it. Lord of the Flies deals with ...

5 big mistakes Googles head of HR sees on resumes

5 big mistakes Googles head of HR sees on resumes It’s a real truism in life: We often learn best from mistakes- both our mistakes and those that others have made. Humans are creatures of â€Å"trial and error†- we bravely take risks and try out new things. Sometimes we meet success; other times we hit unexpected obstacles and find failure. This tendency to make mistakes impacts all facets of life- including our search for a new job. Talk with any HR professional or hiring manager and ask them if they have any stories of folks who have absolutely fumbled the opportunity to get a new job, and chances are you’ll hear a bunch of them. Some are funny, others odd, and some will be downright sad but they’ll all have something in common- the person likely made a bad choice or neglected to do something they should have, and it wound up wrecking their chances for success.The unfortunate truth is that some people make mistakes at the very beginning of the job hunt- on their resumes- and take themselves out of conte ntion before even getting started. It happens more than you realize, and in countless ways!In fact, resume gaffes are such a pervasive problem that Laszlo Bock, former Senior Vice President of People Operations at Google, wrote a LinkedIn article about it, entitled â€Å"The Biggest Mistakes I see on Resumes and How to Correct Them.† Bock estimates that he’s personally reviewed over 20,000 resumes, so he certainly knows what he’s talking about.Let’s take a look at what he says are five of the biggest mistakes that he’s seen on resumes so you can avoid them on your job hunt.1. Bad formattingWhen it comes to foolish resume formatting Bock has seen it all, from wildly â€Å"creative† designs and outlandish fonts to splashes of color and crazy margins, all done in an effort to try and stand out from other resumes and grab the reader’s attention. Unfortunately- what you may earn in attention grabbing could cost you in another key area- eff ectively, clearly, and professionally conveying your background, experience, and skill set.Artistic bells and whistles simply don’t work on resumes. A clean, legible, and professional looking document is what works best. If you want to be taken seriously in the job market, save the creativity for your next arts and crafts project.2. Careless typosIt’s a real shame that such an avoidable problem like resume typos is such a pervasive issue, but Bock reports that a surprisingly high percentage of the resumes he’s reviewed, for positions at all levels, contain pesky typos. And good luck being taken seriously during the job hiring process if the first impression you make is someone who can’t be bothered to put in the extra effort to get such an important document correct. Typos are absolute resume killers, so be completely sure that yours is error free and in perfect shape before sending it out.3. Excessive lengthThis is a trickier problem, because the longer you’re in the job market the more things you’ll have to say about yourself. However if your document reads more like a novel then a resume, chances are it’ll either get ignored or glossed over and key parts will get overlooked. Bock has a great rule of thumb for resume length- 1 page for every 10 years of experience. Do your best to stick to this guideline, and remember that you’ll have an opportunity to say more about yourself on interviews- if you make it that far.4. Leaking confidential informationThis doesn’t happen very often, but when it does it raises big red flags. If you’ve worked with a company that handles sensitive information or have had jobs with which you’ve had confidentiality agreements, be very careful about what you put on your resume. If you cross the line and the hiring manager figures it out, your chances of moving to the next stage of the hiring process are slim to none.5. LiesHopefully this one’s obvious ! Despite what you may have heard, there are no such things as â€Å"good lies† when it comes to your resume. If you get caught making something up on your resume, there’s just no way to explain it away or cover up for it. Your chances of getting a job with a resume built on lies- no matter how small or insignificant- are effectively obliterated. Even if you wind up getting the job, if your lie is figured out sometime later you could even lose your job. Bottom line- lying is just not a good way to search for your next job.There you have it: Five of the biggest resume mistakes according to a real industry veteran and insider. Make sure you’re not committing any of these gaffes before you send out your next resume, and you’ll be one step ahead of the job-hunting crowd.

Globalization and Its Impact on Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Globalization and Its Impact on Business - Essay Example Globalization can be therefore called international integration (Noam Chomsky, 2006) and can be explained as a practice by means of which the world community are unified into a distinct social order and operate collectively in a process which merges financial, technical, socio-cultural and political forces. (Sheila L. Croucher, 2004) The Driving factors of Globalization are reduction in travel costs at a global level, liberalization in trade policies, and the high rate of growth in Information technology. Globalization originates with the discovery and migration of the New World which is elucidated by Thomas L. Friedman, in his book, 'The World Is Flat', where he "examines the impact of the 'flattening' of the globe", or an international 'flattening' of competition in businesses facilitated by escalating global inter-connectedness. Friedman debates that globalized business and trade practices including outsourcing, off-shoring, supply-chaining, and economic, technological, and political forces have misused the face of the business world eternally (Friedman T. L., 2008). Business globalization refers to a company's undertaking of sales and assets across international borders and the resulting flow of capital, goods, services, and labor. Coca-Cola is a good example of a company that has successfully cultivated its international business, with more than 70 percent of its income originating from non-U.S. sources. The various tactics that Coca-Coca uses to achieve this include developing a global consumer market, establishing transnational corporations to reduce production costs, product branding and positioning, competition-based pricing, and more. Effects of globalization on business Cheap offshore production Offshore Production entails the... The Driving factors of Globalization are reduction in travel costs at a global level, liberalization in trade policies, and the high rate of growth in Information technology.Globalization originates with the discovery and migration of the New World which is elucidated by Thomas L. Friedman, in his book, ‘The World Is Flat’, where he â€Å"examines the impact of the ‘flattening’ of the globe†, or an international ‘flattening’ of competition in businesses facilitated by escalating global inter-connectedness. Friedman debates that globalized business and trade practices including outsourcing, off-shoring, supply-chaining, and economic, technological, and political forces have misused the face of the business world eternally (Friedman T. L., 2008).Business globalization refers to a company’s undertaking of sales and assets across international borders and the resulting flow of capital, goods, services, and labor. Coca-Cola is a good ex ample of a company that has successfully cultivated its international business, with more than 70 percent of its income originating from non-U.S. sources. The various tactics that Coca-Coca uses to achieve this include developing a global consumer market, establishing transnational corporations to reduce production costs, product branding and positioning, competition-based pricing, and more.  Offshore Production entails the fabrication of goods in a foreign country for import to the domestic market. One of the major effects of globalization is the cheap offshore production.

Renting an apartment is a better option than buying a house Essay - 2

Renting an apartment is a better option than buying a house - Essay Example The employees seldom know what is going to be the next destination. Traveling is a fundamental requirement of work. In such circumstances, employees mostly hire a flat or occasionally, a hotel to reside in while they stay away from the base station. Even in the base station, they are either provided with accommodation through the company, or else, manage to live on their own. They achieve this by renting a flat or house. Very few employees live in the base station with their families. Most share their accommodation either with the colleagues or friends in the locality in an attempt to shed off some load of the rent. Hiring a house remains convenient for working class citizens because they have little difficulty changing their residence as per the requirements of the job. Buying a house is like growing roots in a particular place. One can not move around freely with one’s roots implanted in a certain place. Either an individual has to loose connection with the roots, or else, t he job. The latter is often not favorable as it tends to expose an individual to financial crisis. In this case, one has to invest all one has in a house and yet, not live in it. Investing all the money to buy a home that can not be lived in is indeed, very stressful for an individual (Pascale, 2009).This is only one aspect that denies the suitability of buying a house for a job employee. There are many other factors and all make renting a house more beneficial for a job employee. This can be realized by analyzing.

To What Extent was Napoleon Master of Europe Essay Example for Free

To What Extent was Napoleon Master of Europe Essay I govern not as a general, but because the nation believes that I have the civilian qualities necessary to govern, to heal the wounds, to correct the extravagances, to secure the conquests, Napoleon Bonaparte. Was he really such a person a man of strength, determination and complete domination of Europe, or was he an over rated character, over exaggerated by the press and historians. Those are the questions, which I am going to answer in this composition. I acknowledge this question as asking the actual proportion of Napoleons domination over Europe, during his reign of Frances Emperor. He was well-renowned for the major reforms he made to France. During the revolution, Napoleon strongly supported the Jacobins, a debating society, which consisted of a committed group, dedicated to solving the Republican problems. They believed in establishing a strong centralised government and supported in maintaining peace in France while winning the war against his enemies. Napoleon did not change his opinions even when he came to power. He still maintained the practical ideas and logic during and after his reign. When Napoleon came to power, he changed the lives of many in France. He made many reforms, which before the revolution restricted civilians of doing such activities. He first established a centralised government, and worked on the peace and consolidation of France as this was what the people of France were aiming for before the revolution. He wanted stability. We have finished the romance of the Revolution we must now begin its history, only seeking for what is real and practicable in the application of its principles, and not what is speculative and hypothetical. He also declared other philosophical quotes. The Revolution is made fast on the principles on which it began; the Revolution is finished. These statements support the argument that the new regime was a break and the continuality of the past. He decided in order to dominate Europe he would have to permit stability and order in his France itself. He did exactly that. Once he came to power it was Napoleons leadership to combine the old France with the new. Religion was a huge factor in Frances daily troubles. Therefore Napoleon decided to reconcile the differences between the religions. The main reason for such a rivalry between the religions was that, during the revolution, France was de-Christianised. Millions of Catholics were outraged at such a move. In western France, where Catholics were strong in many, formed rebel groups and tried to overthrow the government at that time, and stop the revolution before any other outrageous reforms were made. On the 15 July 1801, Napoleon signed the Concordat, permitting Catholicism, as the main religion is France. They did not hurry to make it an established religion, as Britain had done. In doing so, the Concordat also allowed protestants and Jews to practice their religion and retain their civil rights and freedoms. This settled the argument between the religions and once again, people of different backgrounds were allowed to walk out of their house without getting hard glares or insults flung onto them. Not only did this restore peace in France, but it also made Napoleon very popular among the priest. All were allowed to believe in what they wanted to believe in without the government or politics interfering in their way. After promoted Consul for life by the senates, with increased confidence, Napoleon started making reforms in the way France should be run. In secondary schools, he created the lycee. The environment of these schools would be run with strict military disciplined. The students in these schools learnt everything that was programmed by the government and took the Baccalaureate to enter university. Science and mathematics increased in importance in secondary schools. The school were extremely selective and it was difficult to get in. Napoleons greatest achievement was probably the Napoleons code, which was a Civil law, produced in 1804. Throughout history, these laws have always been a spectacle to read, as it showed the equality Napoleon tried to share among his people. Those of the most complex codes, existing for centuries, had been simplified in this code. The main codes were that the suspected would be guaranteed a trial, there were no special rights among the people, privileges and feudal rights ended, and parents had control over their children. One could call Napoleon a bit sexist to woman. In this code he included that wives were not permitted to sell anything away, and wives could not own their own property without the consent of their husband. This once again showed Napoleon, as not only just a military general, but also a strategist, improving France to its potential. This truly showed his leadership in his own country, but also a person to be feared of, throughout the leaders of Europe, striking fear into countries like Britain, Austria and Germany. The other side of the argument is Napoleons soon domination when becoming king. He seems to be a bit similar to Macbeth, in the way that he is a bit paranoid in others competing for his place: To be thus is nothing, But to be safely thus. Napoleon began to censor newspaper articles concerning the governments actions. From 32 newspapers he reduced the number to 4 in five years. Ironically it seemed contrary to what his leadership was all about when he censored the newspapers. Napoleon having complete control over the publics opinion controlled the newspapers, which remained in France. It was sort of a restriction of liberty and free-say in the world, the individuals opinion on an issue would not be published. Certainly, Napoleon was highly distinguished as the best of the best war generals existed in this world. Was he really a brilliant war general or was he just general picking easy fights against weak opponents? The Siege of Toulon was a battle against the British soldiers who had captured the town. Napoleon was not at his height yet and was only in command of the French army gunnders, bombarding the French. He was quickly promoted for his victory. This shows that Napoleon was not just a good strategist, but also a person ideal for weaponry combat. After being victorious in Egypt, Napoleon got the agreement from the Directory to an expedition in Egypt. It was hoped to threaten the English power and trade in Egypt. It was going to be an easy victory against the weak Egyptians. It was therefore called the Battle of the Pyramids and, then there was a sudden craze for Egyptian fashions. In fact in Egypt, their expedition was going down the other way. Due to the conditions and the inadequate supply of food and water, Napoleons army was getting into sickness and plague. In August 1789 Nelson, the British general defeated the French navy at the Battle of Aboukir Bay. His expedition was so close to failure. Napoleon left his soldiers, and went back to France, in defeat. The most famous battle in history could be said of the Battle of Trafalgar. It all started when the French army refused to leave Holland. The British were afraid that Napoleon would conquer Holland and capture a great trading spot. Napoleon decided to start an invasion with Britain. Britain had the famous, large navy, whereas Napoleon had the large soldiers. Napoleon was the completely controller of this campaign. He built a new port, ordered the navigations for the ships and even wrote a song to go along with it! The Spanish joined in the alliance with France but both countries lost the battle at Trafalgar. In the end this was a failure since Napoleon realised that his navy will never be a strong as the British, so he rescinded the idea to the Directory of declaring war. A lot of money was wasted in the end since, the French civilians had to pay higher taxes, due to the fact that the war was extremely expensive. The battle of Marengo was a victorious battle that Napoleon won against the Austrians. Napoleon withheld his peace and honour. He beat the Austrians, all through strategy. He tricked the Austrians into chasing a small group of French soldiers. While the Austrians chased them, Napoleons army attacked from the rear, creating a huge surprise for the Austrians. During this surprise attack he spread his generals out, so the Austrians could not escape them. Desaix, the Austrians general came in to save the day. There was a certain amount of confusion that actually won the battle, but many historians says that Napoleon came out victorious. The French defeated the Austrians later that year and the Austrians made peace with France that year. During 1802, Napoleon made peace with Britain. The peace made him even more popular when he came back to France, as it had been the first time in 10 years, Europe had been in peace. The peace eventually did not last and practically the whole of Europe formed another Coalition in 1805. Through a series of battles, Napoleon beat the whole coalition beating Britain, Russia, and Austria at the same time. A few battles against the Austrian armies were at Ulm and Austerlitz, which as I will not elaborate on these battles, proved to be a great victory. Soon Napoleon began controlling mostly of entire Europe. By ruling smaller villages, they provided him food, money and resources in return for protection under his reign. There was too much land that he spread it all among his brothers. This truly also depicts of his domination in Europe, to be able to share land among four brothers. The Bonapartes reformed Europe to a kind of France itself. They followed French ways to rule and organise a country. Obviously there were some disadvantages with their rule. The conquered country had to supply troops to the French. The German states contributed 560 million francs. People around Europe began hating the French. Their domination was proven to control Europe and, they were beginning to become too powerful. All of the powerful countries were beginning to fear the French so much since they were growing in such size. Many painters, especially Spanish, depicted the French soldiers as being cruel and ruthless. This just displays how much Napoleon had dominated Europe that people were beginning to fear his mighty presence, and were jealous of his victories. The continental system was a order forbidding states under his control to trade with Britain. He wanted to make Britain yield to his power since he quoted: Britain is a nation of shopkeepers Bonaparte though that Britain could not survive with trade. The continental system was simply a failure. Bonaparte was greedy and wanted Spain under his liege. They were friends with the British and he really wanted to stop trading. Portugal turned against the invasion of the French and fought for several years using the Guerrilla tactic. The Peninsular War it was called where failure was inevitable. The Spanish people did not welcome the Frenchs intrusion and wanted them out. They ended up leaving Spain, damaged by the attacks. Russia left the system as it was loosing too much money. Napoleon wanted to force Tsar, Russian Emporer to go along with this system, since Russia were big traders, so Bonaparte force a war upon the Russians. The problem with Napoleon, which led him to failure was that he was overly ambitious and egotistical. As time went on, and he became victorious, he became too confident in himself as a leader. He did not know when to stop his domination spree and once he kept on winning, he wanted to achieve more, and if it werent for his failure in the Russian campaign, he would have been spurred onto greater heights, probably next going after Asia or so. Right before the war had started Napoleon boasted that the war against Russia would not take until winter to complete. In fact he was wrong, very, very wrong. He entered Russia presuming that Russia was like any other country he beat. He presumed that they will leave food, resources on the lands for them to use. He thought that the winter will come early and affects his armies progress. They were fighting two wars at that time. Four problems severely affected his army. Napoleon lost 400,000 men in two months. In the end, as he was forced to leave France due to his failure of the Russian campaign, Napoleon fled to Elba. He came back to France for his combat. The British and Prussian forces were collaborating further to erase Frances domination in Europe and they needed his leadership to guide them through the war against Europe. Europe was coming in for the kill. In addition to this Frances economy was collapsing. They needed Napoleon back. He was greeted with much respect when he re-entered France to regain his title as Emperor. He stood in a crowd of thousands, tens of thousands to proclaim to the: If anyone wishes to kill me, they can do so now. Instead, the confluence of people stood on their feet and chanted Long live the Emperor, long live the Emperor, several times. He was back to work. Napoleon concluded the only way to stop the war against Europe, was to stop the troops from Britain and Prussia from coming into France. He decided that he needed to attack them before they entered France and it was too late. The Duke of Wellington was his enemy. He was renowned for having the best defences in Europe alone. Describes as having nerves of steel, the Duke brought 68,000 men. Another 52.300 were expected to come from the Prussians army. The Prussians general was Blà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½cher. Napoleons chances were slim. He only had 72,000 men. Before he entered the battle he quoted I thought fortune was leaving me, already displaying his distrust of his luck and the outcome of this battle. The night before the battle, it rained. The Duke of Wellington positioned his men on the bridge. It was Napoleons time to attack. Risking everything, he ordered all of his troops to attack through one frontal attack. The British formed squares and waited for the French army to come. Napoleon was living in a dream world. He ordered his cavalry to attack from the British soldiers. It was a massacre. With 74 guns in the front line, the British just gave the French a barrage of fire, on and on and on. Napoleon did not stand a chance. His cavalry were destroyed. The English soldiers were fairly battered up, and the Prussian troops just came in to time to settle the score. Napoleon sent in the National Guard the most feared of his troops. Again and again he soldiers were shot down with the arms of the alliance forces. In less than 12 hours Napoleon was defeated at the battle of Waterloo. On June 22nd 1815, 4 days after the battle. Napoleon begged for mercy from the triumphant English, wishing to reside in a country house in Britain. The British just answered St Helena. St Helena was an island situated in the middle of nowhere. It was an island 10 miles far, 6 miles wide. He was a prisoner in this island with 2 ships and 2000 soldiers guarding it. He was assigned a wooden bungalow, with no communications outside this island. He got fairly depressed on this island without anyone to speak to. To die is not a problem, but to be defeated, it is like to die everyday. Bonaparte decided that his last campaign in life will be one devoted to the use of language. He wrote articles, read all the books he could find, and expressed his downfalls and his glistening heights. Napoleon decided to leave a legacy behind for the world in the future, present and past upon. As you can see above, I conclude that after all Napoleon was a great leader, but with the egotistical and over-confidence, he never eventually was the Master of Europe for a long period of time. He won a lot and lost a lot in a few years, which in my consideration, he was the master of Europe throughout his lifespan of domination. Although one can see from what I have said and described above, Napoleon lived a life to be admired by, brought France together and increased Frances land and domination. Quoting My business is to succeed, and Im good at it. I create my Iliad by my actions, create it day by day, Napoleon will always be considerate throughout future as a fierce master of Europe, even through a limited amount of time, he will be a person to be forever admired by historians and people alike.

Kings Gothic Naturalism Essay -- Literary Analysis

Naturalist writers of the early 20th century convey the notion that persons are fated to whatever station in life their biological heredity and social environment prepare them for. Those who profess to be proponents of the naturalist perspective see literature as a means to understand the nature of man. Since â€Å"the naturalist found in scientific discovery only a confirmation of humankind’s helplessness in the face of indifferent and inscrutable forces,† their writings usually generate an uninspiring idea of humanity’s frailty (Strengell 11-12). While the deterministic worldview is logical, it is difficult for many to resonate with powerless and doomed characters. Thus, the only way for the naturalistic frame of mind to reach a wider audience is to present it in a different and less monotonous way. â€Å"[O]ne of the signature traits of Naturalism seems to be the ease with which it combines in hybrids with other forms† (Crow 123). Master of Horror Stephen King illustrates this concept in his novel, The Shining (1977), by intertwining the deterministic elements of Naturalism with Gothic and Horror. Combining these genres may seem to be a marriage of complete opposites, but what lies dormant on its own thrives in the pairing. Unlike most naturalist writers, King presents a character’s strength along with his or her faults. Although their deterministic traits imply that failure is imminent, the Gothic elements provide the backdrop for developing sympathy and even understanding for a character’s actions. By using these techniques, King transforms a genre that has been mainly sought after for entertainment into insightful literature. In The Shining, King explores the triumphs and failures of naturalism, as he illustrates the mor... ... effective method of understanding the deterministic forces that drives action. Works Cited Crow, Charles L. "Jack London's The Sea Wolfe as Gothic Romance." Gothick Origins and Innovations. By Allan Lloyd. Smith and Victor Sage. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 1994. 123-31. Print. King, Stephen. The Shining. Ed. William G. Thompson. New York: Pocket, 2001. Print. Magistrale, Tony. ""The Truth Comes Out": The Scrapbook Chapter." Discovering Stephen King's The Shining: Essays on the Bestselling Novel by America's Premier Horror Writer. 2nd ed. Tuscaloosa: Borgo, 2008. 39-46. Print. Norris, Frank, and Donald Pizer. McTeague: A Story of San Francisco: Authoritative Text, Contexts, Criticism. 2nd ed. New York: W.W. Norton, 1997. Print. Strengell, Heidi. Dissecting Stephen King: From the Gothic to Literary Naturalism. Madison: University of Wisconsin, 2006. Print.

Sime Darby

Page 1 of 6 Fundamental Analysis for SIME DARBY BHD Company Name: Stock Code (Bursa): Bloomberg: Industry: Sub-Sector: Company Description: Date of Analysis: Financial Year: SIME DARBY BHD Board: Main Board SIME FBMKLCI: TRUE SIME:MK Reuters: SIME. KL TRADING SERVICES OIL PALM/RUBBER AND OTH CROP PRODUCTION PLANTATION; PROP; MOTORS; INDUSTRIAL; ENERGY & UTILITIES. 19-Sep-12 2011 30/6/2011 Price: 9. 79 Stock Grade: Emerging Investment Grade Profitability Profitability 10 ROI 8 ROI Liquidity 6 Efficiency 4 Risks 2 0 Potential Growth Buy & Hold Returns Potential Growth 65 75 90 50 105 105 Buy & Hold Returns 25 Liquidity 1. 80759 40. 02273 62. 4099 36. 10128 85. 8969 57. 48956 18. 75 7. 97 5. 34 6. 93 7. 22 8. 18 5. 48 7. 5 Risks Efficiency Future growth drivers and Risks: http://announcements. bursamalaysia. com/edms/edmswebh. nsf/all/FF95B42CEC4045D948257A7A0062 DF67/$File/Press%20release. pdf Due-Diligence All figures in millions of Ringgit Malaysia except per share values and ratio M easures 2002 @ 2002/6/30 2003 @ 2003/6/30 2004 @ 2004/6/30 2005 @ 2005/6/30 2006 @ 2006/6/30 2007 @ 2007/6/30 2008 @ 2008/6/30 2009 @ 2009/6/30 2010 @ 2010/6/30 2011 @ 2011/6/30 Importane Rate CommentsProfitability Increasing Sales Revenue Increasing Net Income After Tax Increasing Gross Profit Margin (Preferably ? 40%) ROI Increasing high ROE (Preferably ? 15%) Increasing ROIC (Preferably ? 15%) Increasing CROIC (Preferably ? 15%) Liquidity Increasing Net Cash from Operations Increasing Free Cash Flow / Sales (Preferably ? 5%) Increasing Quick Ratio (Preferably ? 1) Short & declining Cash Conversion Cycle Efficiency Increasing Net Profit Margin (Preferably ? 10%) Increasing OCF/TA (Preferably ? 8%) 12,053 928 29. 9% 13,718 945 30. 4% 14,904 1,015 26. % 18,646 933 24. 4% 20,162 1,203 23. 6% 20,735 1,597 23. 3% 34,045 3,753 26. 2% 31,014 2,341 23. 0% 32,845 855 26. 8% 41,859 3,847 25. 7% 10. 7% 8. 0% 4. 5% 10. 2% 8. 0% 5. 2% 10. 9% 8. 0% 3. 3% 10. 0% 9. 0% 3. 6% 12. 7% 7. 0% 5. 2% 15 . 8% 8. 0% 7. 1% 16. 2% 12. 0% 9. 1% 10. 7% 9. 0% -1. 1% 3. 6% 5. 0% 6. 8% 15. 2% 13. 0% 6. 5% 647 3. 5% 1. 09 62 930 4. 3% 1. 41 66 652 2. 6% 1. 39 65 737 2. 3% 1. 12 62 1,154 3. 4% 1. 23 67 1,644 4. 8% 1. 27 65 3,936 7. 2% 1. 38 63 937 -1. 0% 1. 00 91 3,570 5. 9% 1. 00 65 3,393 4. 9% 1. 05 65 10. 0% 5. 2% 9. 0% 6. 3% . 0% 4. 2% 7. 0% 4. 5% 8. 0% 6. 6% 10. 0% 8. 4% 15. 0% 10. 9% 10. 0% 2. 6% 5. 0% 9. 5% 13. 0% 7. 9% Risks Declining Debt/Equity Ratio (Preferably <1) Operating Income Variability Sales Variability Increasing Altman Z Score (Preferably ? 2. 6) Declining Beneish Score (Preferably < -2. 22) Potential Growth Increasing Sustainable Growth Rate (Preferably ? 8%) Increasing Expected EBIT Growth N/A (Preferably ? 8%) Quality of Sales Revenue Growth (Preferably ? 80%) N/A 0. 15 1,081 12,053 5. 73 0. 27 1,225 13,718 5. 50 -2. 83 0. 28 1,389 14,904 6. 5 -2. 90 0. 34 1,406 18,646 5. 13 -2. 95 0. 38 1,206 20,162 5. 42 -2. 86 0. 29 1,569 20,735 7. 13 -3. 00 0. 22 4,339 34,045 5. 83 -1. 99 0. 26 3,151 31,014 7. 02 -2. 89 0. 37 2,081 32,845 5. 80 -2. 84 0. 29 5,483 41,859 6. 38 -2. 86 3. 5% 2. 9% 16. 4% 93. 5% 85. 8% 28. 7% 53. 4% 59. 1% 56. 9% 3. 7% 4. 1% 2008: 2002-2011: 2008: 2002-2011: 2008: 2002-2011: 2. 3% 3. 1% 77. 2% 2009: 91. 1% 52. 4% 2009: 58. 2% 76. 6% 2009: 45. 6% 6. 4% 5-Y: 4. 4% 9. 9% 7. 9% 14. 9% 74. 6% 2010: 59. 2% 2010: 14. 9% 2010: 2. 9% 19. 4% 5. 0% -5. 0% 69. 4% 2011: 17. % 2011: 21. 6% 2011: 0. 6% 6. 6% 7. 7% 13. 6% 73. 3% 30. 0% 14. 0% 2007: 2005-2011: Quality of EBIT Growth (Preferably 2007: ? 80%) 2005-2011: Quality of Operating Cash Flow 2007: Growth (Preferably ? 80%) 2005-2011: Buy & Hold Returns Shareholder Wealth Creation Full: (Preferably ? 8%) 5. 7% 10-Y: -1. 0% 3-Y: 11. 5% Investment Strategy Position Strategy Position Lump Sum + Top Up Strategy: Buy Criteria Averaging Down Method: Dollar Cost/Value Averaging Criteria 1. The current quarter's EPS is up more than 15% from the same quarter the year before. . Price is below I ntrinsic Value 3. Current EY% or Rolling 4Q EY% ;gt; 6% 4. Current DY% or Rolling 4Q DY% ;gt; 6% 5. Stock price breaks out of consolidation/dip on an uptrend. 6. Comparison of P/B ratio (for Financial stocks only) 7. Company owner, EPF, Khazanah and PNB heavily buying Sell Criteria I Remarks Criteria 1. Current EY% or Rolling 4Q EY% ;lt; 6% for more than 2 years 2. Current DY% or Rolling 4Q DY% ;lt; 6% for more than 2 years 3. Quarterly EPS drop for 5 consecutive months 4. Fundamental of business turns unattractive or bad 5.Found a better opportunity to replace this stock 6. The stock drops near to my average cost or hit my stop loss 7. Long term trend changed from bullish to bearish 8. Company owner, EPF, Khazanah and PNB heavily selling. 9. Did I make a mistake? 10. Has the stock risen too far from its intrinsic value? VI Remarks Discounted Cash Flows Valuation Shares Out. M. O. S. 13 Default Value Custom Value 6009. 46 11 Sustainable Growth % (for Average risk Average Discount % Terminal % 2011 FCF Excess Cash Intangibles Intangibles% Decay Rate Extra Decay Growth (for DCF Calc. premium Risk free Assets add to DCF (Yr4E-Yr7E) (Yr8E-Yr10E) reference) rate 20% 5% 8% 5. 50% 3. 68% 9. 2% 2% 2068. 66 4593. 30 86. 00 0% 8% 15% 4% 11. 50% 15% 20% Projection of Future Free Cash Flow 2012 Yearly Growth Future Value Discounted Perpetuity Value Present Value 2,151. 41 2013 2,237. 46 2014 2,326. 96 18,023. 58 28,024. 79 3-Y Shares Outstanding Fair Value Desired M. O. S. Buy Under Current Price Actual M. O. S. 4. 66 3. 73 9. 79 -110% 5-Y 6009. 46 4. 69 20% 3. 75 9. 79 -109% 2015 2,364. 67 2016 2,445. 07 15,233. 30 28,183. 22 10-Y 4. 70 3. 76 9. 79 -108% 2017 2,528. 1 2018 2,614. 16 2019 2,564. 07 2020 2,633. 81 2021 2,705. 45 9,780. 64 28,239. 49 Market Timing Analysis Discounted Cash Flow Valuation Fair Value Actual M. O. S. Buy Under Selection 3-Y 4. 66 -110% 3. 73 5-Y 4. 69 -109% 3. 75 10-Y 4. 70 -108% 3. 76 ? 3-Y: Fast-growing company; operates in highly competitive , low margin industry 5-Y: Solid company; operates with advantage such as strong marketing channels, recognizable brand name, or regulatory advantage 10-Y: Outstanding growth company; operates with very high barriers to entry, dominant market position or prospectsPrice-to-book Ratio Valuation by Price-to-book Ratio: Current EY% or Rolling 4Q EY% ;gt; 6% CU EY%: 6. 23 R-4Q EY%: 7. 05 4. 26 60 Current DY% or Rolling 4Q DY% ;gt; 6% CU DY%: 3. 06 R-4Q DY%: 3. 58 Current Cash Return% or MRQ Cash Return% ;gt; 6% 62 CU CR%: 4% Quarterly Financial Performance MRQ CR%: 2% Increasing revenue Increasing net profit Increasing EPS Jun-12's EPS ? 15% from Jun-11 Jun-11 Sep-11 Dec-11 Mar-12 Jun-12 13,059 11,064 11,389 11,027 14,122 1,313 0. 22 1,074 0. 18 1,101 0. 18 876 0. 15 1,099 0. 18 -16% Sime Darby COMPANY BACKGROUND Sime Darby Berhad is a multinational company which was established in 1910; a British businessman William Sime and Henry Darby established Sime, Darby & Co. and is based in Malaysia. Sime Darby is also involved in key growth sector of the national economy, plantations, property, motors, energy & utilities and healthcare. Business activities include oil palm and the company's original business, the manufacture of rubber tires, heavy equipment and motor vehicle distribution, property development, power generation, and engineering services.Other operations include the manufacture of paints, cooling tourism product manufacturing, and tourism services, hospitals, and golf courses. Sime Darby is listed on Bursa Malaysia Securities Berhad on the main board. The company is the largest in Southeast Asia and the largest multinational companies in Malaysia. They operate in more than 20 countries and have around 100,000 employees worldwide. William Middleton Sime, a traveler f rom Scotland. In his efforts to be successful, he has to face two times a failure in the import-export business and other coffee farm when he left his job as a mercantile assistant in Singapore.Henry Darby was a wealthy 50-year-old English banker who owned property in Northern Malaya. The organization is well known in the field of global business and is also experienced in the field of business. They have a wide range of industries such as Kumpulan Guthrie Berhad and Golden Hope Plantations Berhad for combined and created as a new organization with the mission and vision and new goals. VISION To be a leading multinational corporation delivering sustainable value to all stakeholders. MISSION 1. We are committed to developing a winning portfolio of sustainable businesses; 2.We subscribe to good corporate governance and high ethical values; 3. We continuously strive to deliver superior financial returns through operational excellence and high performance standards; and 4. We provide an environment for our people to realize their full potential. CORE AND RELATED BUSINESS Sime Darby is a key player in the Malaysian economy as well as a diversified multinational involved in key growth sectors, namely, plantations, property, motors, industrial equipment, energy ; utilities and healthcare with operations in more than 20 countries. . Sime Darby Plantation Sime Darby Plantation is the largest oil palm plantation in the world to produce about 2. 4 million tons or 6% of the production of crude palm oil (CPO) is the world every year, making the Sime Darby Plantation as sustainable producers of edible oils in the world. Sime Darby has two operations, namely: I. Upstream operations Sime Darby Plantation has an area of 682. 616 hectares in Malaysia and Indonesia, with the rest of the oil palm planted area of 519. 620 hectares. It has a total of 200 fields and 64 oil mills in the two countries.Outside Asia, starting from January 2010 has expanded its upstream operations to Lib eria in Africa. Overall, Sime Darby Plantation has 200,000 hectares in Liberia, where 1. 190 hectares have been planted with oil palm until 31 January 2012. As a key player in keeping the industry, Sime Darby plantation division using best practices. 329. 225 of this part have been planting trees for rare and endangered in the next three years, as part of its commitment towards ensuring a more reserved nature. Trees are grown mainly in the area of the holding company, while partially buried along with other companies.II. Downstream Operations Sime Darby Plantation downstream operations operate in 15 countries, covering the production and distribution of oil and fat products for biodiesels, oleochemicals, and nutraceuticals. It is divided into two segments namely based food and non-food segments carried by eight refineries located in : * Malaysia (Sime Darby Jomalina Sdn Bhd, Sime Darby Kempas Sdn Bhd and Sime Darby Austral Co. , Ltd. ) * Singapore (Sime Darby Edible Products Limited ) * Thailand (Morakot Industries Public Company Ltd) Vietnam (Golden Hope – Nha Be Oils Sdn Bhd) * Netherlands (Sime Darby Unimills B. V. ) * South Africa (Sime Darby Hudson ; Knight (M) Sdn Bhd) III. Food Sime Darby Plantation also produces and markets a variety of consumer goods such as cooking oil, fruit juice and cooks the sauce for the Malaysian market. Sime Darby Jomalina which is a subsidiary of Sime Darby Berhad produce refined palm oil and palm kernel oil products which include shortening, industrial margarine, frying palm oil, milk fat replacement, vegetable ghee and cooking oil.Also produce oil for frying, application in dairy products, dyes and as a food for the domestic market and for export to Japan, Hong Kong, Europe and the United States. Sime Darby also niche product the following: * Special Animal Fat Substitute (Safar) – A substitute vegetable fats for animal fats in food products, * Jomalina Quality Assurance (JGQ) products – products made fr om palm oil with a low content of saturated fatty acids, * Golden Joma Red Olein – Red Palm Oil with beta carotene content is very high. IV. Research ; DevelopmentSime Darby Plantation is a leader in the research ; development of oil palm, and was the first company in the world to successfully compile, assemble and annotate the oil palm genome. Breakthroughs will allow scientists and our research staff to identify markers for the valuable features such as features yield, disease resistance and drought tolerance, and use these markers to breed a new generation of oil palm. The Division now has more than 200 scientists and researchers, who conducted various studies on the efficacy results, best practices, quality, best agricultural practices and food ingredients.Division also has a fully operational along the palm oil value chain – from farm to food on the table, He took himself one of the cheapest foods in the form of oil-estate estate, processing of this material in it s own farm and later in its own filter factories, and finally, it is also processed cooking oil for domestic market. As a fully integrated player, this means that it can control the quality at every stage by using best practices in all layers of palm oil value chain.This process is done by thinking of the environment and quality, ensuring that while providing a valuable material for the needs of the world, our earth is also protected through best practices. 2. Sime Darby Property Sime Darby Plantation is a leader in research ; development of oil palm, and was the first company in the world to successfully compile, assemble and annotate the genome of oil palm. The Division has been fully operational along the palm oil value chain – from farm to food on the table.It released a self cheapest food in the form of coconut plantation estate, the processing of these materials in their own farm and then at refineries themselves, and finally, it is also processed cooking oil for the lo cal market. As a fully integrated player, this means that it can control the quality at every stage by using best practices in all walks of palm oil value chain. This process is done by thinking of the environment and quality, to ensure that when providing valuable material for the needs of the world, our earth is also protected through best practices.Sime Darby Property is one of the leading property developers in Malaysia. It is also the largest developers in the country in terms of land area savings. It now has 19. 000 acres of land and has identified savings of 18. 800 acres of land for future development. Sime Darby Property's core businesses are property development, property investment, hospitality & leisure and operations in China. Apart from Malaysia, it has a wide range of projects in five countries, namely, Singapore, Vietnam, China, Australia and the United Kingdom.Over the past few years, Sime Darby Property has built 10 townships that house a total of 80,000 families a nd 400,000 people throughout the Klang Valley and Penang, the Ara Damansara, Subang Jaya, USJ Heights, Putra Heights, Bukit Jelutong, Bandar Bukit Raja, Nature Trail, Melawati, The Dream and Planter's Haven. Sime Darby Property also rates limit investment property in Malaysia such as Sime Darby Pavilion is a 3-storey office building in Shah Alam, Sime Darby Complex is a 4 – ? torey office building, Wisma Guthrie is a six storey purpose built office building in Damansara Heights, Wisma Sime Darby is a 22 storey office building in Jalan Raja Laut, Wisma UEP is a 11-storey office building in Subang Jaya. Sime Darby Property has built a variety of hospitality in Malaysia such as Sime Darby Convention Centre (SDCC) which was officially launched on December 6, 2007 by the Prime Minister of Malaysia and Resumes Operations since February 2006 at the Bukit Kiara, Kuala Lumpur.Hospitaliti such as PNB Darby Park Executive Suites Start operations in June 2000 at the Kuala Lumpur. Harvard atmosphere Hotels in Bedong, Kedah. Genting View Resort in Genting Highlands, Pahang. Subang Avenue Service Suites in Subang Jaya and Hotel Equatorial Melaka in the Lower Town, Melaka. 3. Sime Darby Industrial Sime Darby Industrial is a leading distributor of premium heavy equipment in Malaysia and the Asia Pacific region.It offered a comprehensive range of products and support services equipment in key markets such as plantations, property, mining, marine construction, forestry, ports and power systems sectors. Sime Darby Industrial is also the fifth largest Caterpillar dealer in the world and operates the largest Caterpillar dealership network in the Asia Pacific region, with more than 100 branches covering more than 20 countries. Heavy equipment business spans across Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei, Australia, Hong Kong, China, Christmas Island, the Maldives, New Caledonia, Papua New Guinea, and the Solomon Islands.To market in Malaysia, Sime Darby Industrial Sdn Bhd offers a compre hensive list of heavy equipment and services, from the sale of machinery, new engines and equipment rental services through a network until CAT Rental Stores outlets nationwide. Other brands represented include: * Premium Terberg Terminal Tractor * Kubota Tractor and Agricultural Transplanters * Transport tractor New Holland * Perkins engines * GE Pipeline Inspection * Atlas Copco (in Vietnam) * Jacobsen Turf Care Equipment * Former operator of Omega 4. Sime Darby MotorsSime Darby Motors is one of the leading players of the automotive industry and automotive luxury in Malaysia, Singapore, China, Australia and New Zealand, with business activities that vary from country to country, including import, assembly, distribution and sale of the vehicle. This represents the various brands and luxury brands such as BMW, Mini, Rolls-Royce, Porsche, Jaguar and Lamborghini, Hyundai, Land Rover, Alfa Romeo, Ford, Peugeot, Mitsubishi, Ssang Yong, Jeep, Dodge, McLaren, Suzuki, Chrysler, Audi, Ferra ri, Maserati, Volkswagen, Nissan, Mazda and Chevrolet.Sime Darby Motors is also the third largest BMW dealer in the world, while Rolls Roycenya representation in East China is one of the largest in the world in 2011. This section is a dealer for McLaren to Hong Kong, the franchise up for grabs. It also has a distribution business for Huanghai Bus, Mitsubishi Fuso trucks and buses in Hong Kong and Macau, as well as electric vehicles Smith, apart from organizing Sime Darby Fleet Servicing Australia 4WD, 2WD, bus rental and mechanical services for industry leading market experts and government regional tourism market in Western Australia, Queensland and New South Wales.In terms of installation, Sime Darby Motors to install a variety of Hyundai passenger cars and commercial vehicles, other than passenger vehicles Land Rover and BMW through its subsidiaries, the Corporation Inokom in Kulim, Kedah. It also has the Hertz car rental business in Malaysia and Singapore. With a good distributi on network in the Asia Pacific region, the Automotive Division Sime Darby ready for a bright future. 5. Sime Darby Energy ; Utilities Sime Darby Energy ; Utilities has core businesses in the Engineering Services, Ports ; Logistics, Power and Water Management.It is supported by a staff of more than 1,000 people in all of our operations in Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand and China. I. Power With plants in Malaysia and Thailand, we have a combined gross capacity of 590MW. Operations in Malaysia which is located in Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan have a capacity of 440MW of electricity while operating in Thailand at Laem Chabang has two power plants with an installed capacity of 100MW and 50MW respectively. II. Engineering Services Led by Mecomb Group, a unit of engineering services division is supported by a variety of reputable products that provide solutions and value-added engineering services.Mecomb Group is headquartered in Singapore and has operations in Malaysia and Thailand. III. P orts ; Logistics Port operations and logistics division is based in Shangdong province, China. There are three ports that operate at this time – a sea port handles general cargo and bulk in Bohai Bay, Weifang and two river ports handling coal and general cargo along the Grand Canal in Jining. A new coal handling terminal being planned in Jining. Port's current capacity to reach about 30 million tones per year with plans to expand further into the target handling capacity of 60 million tones per ear. We hope to become a major player in the arena harbor and logistics in China in the next five years. IV. Water Management Water management unit is headquartered in Shandong province of China, comprising Weifang Sime Darby Water Management Co. Ltd and Zibo Chemical Co. Ltd Sime Darby. Established in 2005, Weifang Sime Darby Water Management Co Ltd has a capacity of 140. 0003 per day, supplying clean water to the Hua Hai and surrounding industrial areas. Sime Darby Zibo Chemical Co. Ltd. Zibo) was incorporated in March 2007 to produce polyaluminium chloride at a capacity of four tones per year for use in water treatment plants Weifang Sime Darby Water. 6. Sime Darby Healthcare Sime Darby Healthcare is a leader in the private healthcare industry, and aspires to be the gold standard of health care providers in the Asia Pacific region. This section consists of five private entities, namely: – * Sime Darby Medical Centre Subang Jaya (SDMC SJ) – our flagship tertiary care 393-bed hospital * Sime Darby Specialist Centre Megah (SDSC Megah) – our outpatient and daycare * Sime Darby Nursing & Health Sciences College Sime Darby Medical Centre Ara Damansara (SDMC AD) – Centres of Excellence for Brain, Heart and Spine & Joint * Sime Darby Medical Centre Parkcity (SDMC Parkcity) – will open in 2013 This division was established on 21 October 2008 when the first three entities were rebranded under the brand name of Sime Darby. Sime Darby He althcare offers a range of special services for health care related to Customers, from emergency care, disease; management to screening services and more terrorism as follows: * Dietetics Services Dr Golf * Health Screening Centre * Imaging and Diagnostics * Breast Care Centre * Subang Fertility Centre * Obesity Clinic * Menstrual Clinic * Nuclear Medicine & PET / CT Centre * Vascular & Interventional Radiology Centre * Stone Centre * Digestive and Liver Health Clinic * Blood Disease Centre In addition to health care for Patients, Sime Darby Healthcare Patient Services Banjarmasin also rates offers for hire offer Home Care Nursing Services, International Patient Services, Medical Reports and Accommodation ServicesIt institutions, SDMC SJ, is one of the leading private hospitals in Malaysia. Internationally recognized, private hospitals with advanced facilities, this is the only private hospital that has won the Prime Minister's Quality Award twice. Today, SDMC SJ has 393 beds, 93 su ites and 14 theaters clinic, keep up to 1,800 patients and 300 patients per day. The hospital also offers the latest state of the art equipment such as scanners 64-slice PET / CT, 3-Tesla MRI, High Dose 3D brachytherapy system, dual-source CT scanner and TomoTherapy Hi-Art System for the treatment of cancer.SDMC AD had the first private Brain Centre of Excellence in Malaysia, with a comprehensive epilepsy management system as well as full and advanced facilities for treatment. Sime Darby Healthcare is planning to open another medical center renamed Sime Darby Medical Centre ParkCity in 2013. Sime Darby Medical Centre ParkCity will operate as a comprehensive center of excellence dedicated to women and children with a focus on breast oncology, child development and treatment of chronic diseases such as diabetes. 7. Other BusinessesI. Tesco Stores (Malaysia) Sdn Ltd Tesco Stores (Malaysia) Sdn. Ltd. is a joint venture between Sime Darby Berhad and Tesco plc. Its inception in the year 2 001, show that the Sime Darby owns 30% interest in the joint venture. Tesco currently operates 40 hypermarkets in the country. II. Insurance Broking and Agency Sime Darby Lockton Insurance Brokers Sdn Bhd (Sime Darby Lockton) is one of the leading professional risk services in Malaysia, which specialized in the specialty risk insurance and takaful solutions.The company is the result of a union between Sime Darby Berhad and Lockton, the risk of a service company to the 9 largest in the world. With active involvement in insurance services since early 1930 in Asia, particularly in Malaysia, Singapore and Hong Kong, Sime Darby Lockton has more than 80 dedicated professionals, highly trained and knowledgeable in their respective fields. Sime Darby Lockton is licensed and regulated by Bank Negara Malaysia. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND Almost 200 years ago, Britons growers have established rubber plantations in Malaya and mostly planted with oil palm.Among the pioneers-pioneers is Alexander Guthr ie, Daniel and Smith Harrison, Joseph Crosfield, William Sime and Henry d'Esterre and Herbert Mitford Darby who is the founder of three large companies today are Sime Darby Berhad. Alexander Guthrie Guthrie & Co established. in Singapore in 1821 as the first British trading company in Southeast Asia. Guthrie introduced rubber and palm oil in Malaysia in 1896 and 1924. Daniel and Smith Harrison and Joseph Crosfield also formed a trading partnership tea and coffees are known as Harrisons & Crosfield in England in 1844. Harrisons & Crosfield bought several small farms in Malaysia of ? 0,000 and they came together to form Golden Hope Rubber Estate. In 1982, Harrison and Crossfield have sold three large plantation groups, Golden Hope, Pataling, and London Asiatic to Malaysian concerns for ? 146 million. Business name was changed to Golden Hope Plantations Berhad in 1990 after taking majority Nasional Berhad capitalization equity. In January 2007, three giant Malaysia (Sime Darby, Guthrie and Golden Hope) incorporated into the entity named Synergy Drive vehicle and on 27 November 2007, Synergy Drive renamed Sime Darby Berhad. Entity that combines three different companies in Malaysia are multinational workforce of 104. 00 Malaysian workers. Its core businesses are plantations, property, motor, heavy equipment and energy & utilities that are expected to benefit from continued population growth and economic development in the Asia Pacific region and the global economy. Non-core business unit of Sime Darby as health care, insurance, and home products grouped under Allied Products and Services division (APS). Subsidiary under the APS including Sime Darby Medical Centre Subang Jaya (formerly known as Subang Jaya Medical Centre) (health care), Sime Alexander Forbes (insurance), and Dunlopillo Malaysia Sdn Bhd (home products).It also has a controlling stake in the supermarket chain Tesco in Malaysia. Sime Darby is a multinational company, with more than 60 percent of the g roup's revenue comes from overseas. As a result of the merger, Sime Darby became one of the leading companies listed on the world's palm oil plantations. Sime Darby Berhad also has a significant presence in downstream palm oil. The merger also made Sime Darby a leading developer of residential and commercial community. Additionally, it holds the rights Caterpillar in 12 countries worldwide and distribution and distributor brands like BMW motor.Current President and Chief Executive Officer of the Group is Dato ‘Mohd Bakke Saleh. Sime Darby brand now more than 100 years old even though it does not explain how these companies are just starting with a small shop in Malacca memoirs starting in 1910. It is the legacy of the three companies that create Sime Darby today. PROBLEM Although Sime darby a giant plantation company in the world, they still have problems such as the company's internal operations and management models that lack of transparency, poor governance, red tape, and m isconduct (moral hazard) that may affect the business.This is a result of the merger of three companies Golden Hope Limited. , Guthrie Bhd. and Sime Darby Bhd. through Synergy Drive to form a giant company where five times of its original size. With the merger of these companies have the inherent problems of bureaucracy and management. In May 2010, the Energy and Utilities Division has reported large losses where four projects the Energy and Utilities Division, including Qatar Petroleum, Maersk Oil Qatar, Marine and Bakun Dam, delayed because of bad management, leading to increased costs exceeded estimates and lead to a loss of RM1. 31 billion. As a result of these losses, Sime Darby has experienced the loss of market value of RM6. 37 billion in the period of one month from the RM52. 94 billion to RM46. 57 billion. Sime Darby has experienced a net loss of RM308. 63 million in the third quarter. Sime Darby yet to recover from past losses continued to be constrained problems associate d with neighboring countries, namely Indonesia.Kumpulan Guthrie Berhad was ordered to pay the civil claim to the Indonesian company PT Adhiyasa Saranamas more than USD25 million. Kumpulan Guthrie Berhad plans to capture asset PT Holdico power was taken over by the National Banking Penyehatan Agency (IBRA) owned by the Indonesian government. PT Adhiyasa Saranamas was appointed by Kumpulan Guthrie Berhad as an intermediary for the acquisition of PT Holdico Power, including its subsidiaries and assets of the company including oil palm plantations in several cities.Problems began to arise when the Guthrie Berhad has agreed to pay 7% of the transaction value results for Adhiyasa been breached by the Guthrie Berhad resulting in a Malaysian government-owned companies have been accused of breach of contract because of delayed payments promised to Adhiyasa. Sime Darby has also suffered huge losses during the financial crisis era asia 1997 when the stock market plummeted, which recorded a los s of Rs 1. 6 billion, of which the largest level in the history of banking in Malaysia. REFERENCES http://www. referenceforbusiness. com/history2/20/Sime-Darby-Berhad. tml http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Sime_Darby http://www. simedarby. com/default. aspx http://www. simedarbyplantation. com/default. aspx http://siffusuffi. blogspot. com/2010_06_01_archive. html http://www. utusan. com. my/utusan/info. asp? y=2010&dt=0524&pub=Utusan_Malaysia&sec=Korporat&pg=ko_02. htm http://teamoverdraf. blogspot. com/2010/11/masalah-pada-syarikat-sime-darby. html http://jommelabur. wordpress. com/2010/05/13/kerugian-sime-darby-apa-yang-aku-faham/ http://razali01. blogspot. com/2010/08/sime-darby-hadapi-masalah-lagi-kali-ini. html

Remeber the Titans Application Paper

Remember the Titans is a movie that reflects several areas of organizational behavior. Communication, organizational culture, teamwork, diversity, motivation and ethics all play a key role in leadership how an organization functions. Communication The first obstacle that the new head coach faces is taking over an organization where he is the replacement for a very well respected coach with a reputation for winning. In one of scenes, Coach Boone sits down with his new assistant coach, Yost, to talk about the current situation. Boone acknowledges the problems and the challenges that lay ahead but assures Coach Yost that he is committed to producing a winning team and that all decisions will reflect performance rather than race. Coach Boone shows respect to Coach Yost and displays the openness to deal with the issues. Leaders may have a tendency to avoid this confrontation only making matters worse for the long term. It is a great lesson in dealing with problems upfront and resolving the issues to minimize more potential conflicts in the future. Communication is one of the basic functions of management in any organization and its importance can hardly be overemphasized. It is a process of transmitting information, ideas, thoughts, opinions, and plans between various parts of an organization. It is not possible to have human relations without communication. However, good and effective communication is required not only for good human relations but also for good and successful business (Thomson, 2007). Organizational Culture From an organizational structure standpoint, Coach Boone realizes he cannot do everything by himself. On a football team, several coaches are required to work with each specialized part of the team just like in any business. Throughout the movie the offense, defense, and special teams must work together to achieve victory on the field. However, each sub group on the team must trust and rely on the others to perform to execute the game plan well. In one of the final scenes, Coach Boone gets input from Coach Yost to come up with a new offensive play to win the game. Sometimes in larger organizations, silos exist among the departments and there is a resistance to cooperating. It is important in any business that all departments listen to their people for new ideas to improve process that can turn into profitable results. Organizational structure is the hierarchical levels of a company; this structure provides guidelines on subordination and employee responsibilities, and affects the workplace culture. An organization's culture is an informal, collectively held grouping of ideas and values, as well as the types of workplace relationships and ways of doing things within the organization. It affects workplace culture through controlling, coordinating and motivating employees to work together to accomplish company goals and objectives. Both organizational structure and culture affect employee behavior, motivation, performance, dedication, satisfaction, cooperation, and relationships (Thornton, 2011) Teamwork and Diversity Working together as a team is crucial to any organization’s success. Two players in particular believe that at the beginning of merging the two schools, their perceptions of each other’s values make it appear almost impossible to work to together as a team. They both come to realize that they want to win as much as the other person does and eventually become the best of friends. In fact, later in the movie Gary, the white player recommends to Coach Boone that one of his white friends leave the team because of a missed blocking assignment. This is the true transformation of Gary putting the team’s goals before his personal feelings. It is one of the cornerstones of any teamwork’s success. People in any organization bring their own set of values and beliefs to the table when they accept a position in the company. It is up the company’s leadership to instill the vision and culture from the top down. The summer practice camp that they attend is similar to the socialization process that any organization has into bringing new people in. Similar to the Marine’s boot camp, the football players eat, sleep, and practice together to bond and foster a sense of teamwork for Coach Boone. Most companies achieve this socialization process through employee orientation and continuous training. By the end of the camp the players have put aside their difference and are committed to carrying out the team’s goal of winning. The biggest issue that faces the team is the racial tension between the blacks and whites. The movie is set in the early seventies when integration of school began. The socialization process of the summer practice camp helped resolved many of these issues while the players where in seclusion at camp. Upon coming back from camp and attending school, they face the true reality of the racial issues. Still to this day, diversity is a hot topic in corporations across the country. Any company has to battle the preconceived ideas about other races, religions, genders, and sexual orientation to focus on the company’s vision. The movie shows how when people put aside their differences and focus on the organization’s mission that anything is achievable. This is a timeless lesson for any organization in today’s environment. According to the textbook, one of the pervasive challenges with teams is that while diversity may have real potential benefits, a team deeply focuses on commonly held information. To realize their creative potential, diverse teams need to focus not on their similarities but on their differences. The key is for members of diverse teams to communicate what they uniquely know in addition to what they do not know (Judge, Robbins, 2011). Whether in the workplace or on the football field, or even amongst members of a community, effective teamwork can produce incredible results. However, working successfully as a team is not as easy as it may seem. Effective teamwork does not happen automatically; it takes a great deal of hard work and compromise (Woloch, 2008). There are a number of factors that must be in place to cohere together as a team: * Good leadership: Effective leadership is one of the most important components of good teamwork. The team’s leader should possess the skills to create and maintain a positive working environment, motivate, and inspire the team members to take a positive approach to work and be highly committed. An effective team leader will promote a high level of morale and make them feel supported and valued. * Clear communication: Communication is a vital factor of all interpersonal interaction and especially that of a team. Team members must be able to articulate their feelings, express plans and goals, share ideas, and see each other’s viewpoints. Establishing roles: It is necessary for team members to understand their role and responsibilities. The team leader can enable this by defining the purpose in a clear-cut manner in the beginning of the formation of the team. * Conflict Resolution: Conflicts will arise no matter how well a team functions together. The best way to counter conflict is to have structured methods of conflict resolution. Team members should be able to voice their concerns without fear of offending others. Instead of avoiding conflict issues, a hands-on approach that resolves them quickly is much better. Set a good example: The team leader must set a good example for good teamwork to come about. In order to keep team members positive, committed and motivated, the team leader must exhibit these qualities. The team looks to the leader for support and guidance therefore any negativity on the leader’s part can be disastrous (Woloch, 2008). Motivation Coach Boone does a good job of demonstrating motivation throughout the movie. In several scenes, Coach Boone tells his organization that he demands perfection from them and nothing less is acceptable. He communicates clearly with the staff and the players what the team’s goal is from the beginning. Everyone knows their role on their respective teams and expectations. We can see that successful companies have similar success when everyone in the organization knows how their role affects the company’s ability to serve the customer. Coach Boone uses the Equity theory of motivation in that he treats everyone on the team fairly and shows no favoritism. He asks the players to work very hard in practice, but see the results in their victories on the football field. Coach Boone also displays the Hawthorne effect in the movie. He makes an effort to know all of his players and his coaching staff. The Hawthorne effect is a motivation theory that people perform better, when they feel their leader pay attention to them. In today’s work environment, this is more of challenge because it is becoming more popular to have employees work from remote locations or home with the increased technological advances we have seen over the last twenty years in the work place (Ghillyer, 2009). Ethics. Ethical behavior is the last characteristic that can either tear apart any team or propel it to a higher level of success. Coach Yost is under the impression by several influential school board members that the championship game is going to be in favor of the all white school they are playing. They will use this as an excuse to fire Coach Boone and reinstate Coach Yost as the head coach the next school year. During the championship game, Coach Yost faces this internal struggle and dilemma as he sees many unfavorable calls by the referees. He eventually makes the right decision for the player’s chance to win the game. The important lesson is that when temptation is great to make the wrong decision, the long-term benefits of being ethical outweigh the benefits. Managers and their organizations are responding to the problem of unethical behavior in a number of ways. They are writing and distributing codes of ethics to guide employees through ethical dilemmas. They are offering seminars, workshops, and other training programs to try to improve ethical behaviors. They are providing in house advisors and creating protection mechanisms for employees who revel internal unethical practices. Today’s manager must create an ethically healthy climate for his or her employees, where they can do their work productivity with little ambiguity about what right and wrong behaviors are (Judge, Robbins, 2011). In conclusion, the movie demonstrates that leadership must be able to face multiple challenges at the same time. It is hard enough to manage a football team with structure that is in place of three different sub groups performing to win games. When combined with the challenges of diversity and ethics, it remarkable the results the team achieved. These are some valuable lessons that any organization in today’s business world could use. Â  

Hong Kong and Chongqing Air Pollution Essay Example

Hong Kong and Chongqing Air Pollution Essay Example Hong Kong and Chongqing Air Pollution Paper Hong Kong and Chongqing Air Pollution Paper 055 hours, which is much lower than some nations of Northern Europe. (Wisped: Cocooning) Cocooning is adjacent to northeast part of Chuan province, and the area of this city is over 23,000 km with 1 million population. Cocooning is one of the most polluted cities in China: from 1 981 to 1 996, SIS (Sulfur Dioxide) emissions were about 800,000 tons, and TTS (Total Suspended Particulates) emissions were about 200,000 tons per year. The daily concentration of SIS reached to 0. 26-0. MGM/mm, which is 3-7 times higher than the Class II national standard of air quality (0. OMG/mm). Cocooning, with more than 1 00 days of fog per year, is also commonly known as the Fog City (Wide, *B), and a thick layer fog shrouds it for 68 days per year during the spring and autumn. Another famous case in the world is London, which accelerated its development and status during Industrial Evolution. London was also endowed with a different city appearance during that time: full of fog. More explanations wil l be introduced to correlate these two cities in later parts. In a generic sense, three segmented climate types will attribute to the shaping of Choosing Fog City. First and foremost, haze. Treated as atmospheric brown clouds, it is defined as a turbid air phenomenon caused by a large number of very fine particles, which is floating in the air evenly and diminishing the meteorological visibility to less Han 10 km. Secondly, fog. It is a type of stratus cloud, distinguished from the more generic term cloud in that fog is low-lying, and the moisture in the fog is often generated locally. Similarly, mist consist of liquid or solid water and hygroscopic condensation nuclei, so the air is often humid with high humidity. When the number Of atmospheric aerosol is up to a certain extent, and then makes the meteorological visibility less than 10 km, it becomes a haze day. (Fan et al 2009) This explains the root cause of why Cocooning possesses amazing amount of fog. Besides, both cities were officially established in 1997, which can give more explanation to the track of social and economic development. More details can be located in the following table. Table 1. 1 Comparable Similarities between Hong Kong and Cocooning Name Index Hong Kong SARA Cocooning Municipal Official Establishment Time 1997 Area (kilo mm) 1104 1200 Population (million) 7. 3 7. 95 (9 urban districts) Famous for Finance, system, pearl river and mountains, night scene Hotpot, beauties, fog city and mountains, night scene Climate Type humid subtropical climate Us m mere Hot and humid (36. 1 C) Hot and humid(44 C) Winter Moderate temperature above 10 C; sunny Moderate temperature above 10 C; cloudy part 2 Analysis on Hong Songs Air Po llution There are two challenges for air pollution in Hong Kong: Street level pollution and regional smog. The former is mainly contributed by motor vehicles, such as trucks, buses and light buses. The latter is caused by diesel vehicles and industrial plants in Hong Kong and the Pearl River Delta (PRO) In Hong Kong, the dominance of transportation tools is mainly contributed by the diesel vehicles, which have the diesel engines that release some major air pollutants: sulfur dioxide (SIS), resalable suspended particulates (RSVP), trigger dioxide (NON) and carbon monoxide (CO). Table 2. 1 lists the concentration of these four pollutants in detail and compares the two locations: Shah Tin (a general station) and Mongo Kook (a roadside station). The CO data for Shah Tin station was unavailable because traffic is low in this kind Of residential area. Overall, this figure clearly suggests that the concentration of these air pollutants at roadside stations is higher than the general station. Besides, figure 2. 2 shows that the average yearly variations of these four major air pollutants levels at general station and road station are both lower urine June, July and August and higher in October, November, December and January. There is more rainfall during the summer season and it will wash the particles from the air, having low levels of pollutants in atmosphere. Although the Hong Kong Government has implemented lots of measure to control the emission of pollutants from diesel vehicles, the visibility and the pollution index are sometimes higher than the standard established by the World Health Organization (WHO). For the numerous high rise building in Hong Kong, once having traffic congestion in a high dense urban environment, it will create a canyon effect trapping local pollutants. Meanwhile, some pollutants with wind transport from China contribute to pollution level in Hong Kong. In other words, air pollution problems In Hong Kong are the collective problems, and cannot be solved by one regions environmental policies. Studies by Fens Ixia, Victor Bracer (2006) find evidence to suggest that the levels of PM O (particulate matter with less than 10 micrometers in diameter) in Hong Kong appear to be significantly related to the air pollution index in Sheehan, with a one-point increase in Sheens pollution index causing a 0. In Hong Kong. In addition, the particulate levels are significantly correlated with the distance from Southern China. Specifically, one percent of distance (which measured at the mean, is equivalent to 2. Km) farther away from China reduces the local PM O level by 17%. Moreover, the IMO level increases between 3% and 4% if the wind blows directly from China and also if one percent increases in wind speed can lead to an increase of 12% in Hong S ongs particulates. Nitrogen dioxide in Hong Kong is also significantly related to the pollution index in Sheehan (SOAPS). A one-point rise in SOAPS leads to a 0. 6% or a 0. % increase in Hong Gongs NON levels. Nitrogen dioxide is affected by the distance from Southern China, which will have much lower concentration in long distance from South China. Even though some regions in Hong Kong are farther away from Southern China, it still has higher concentration of nitrogen dioxide in densely populated urban areas. With 1% more density leads to over 20% more NON. This result can explain nitrogen dioxide is a traffic-based pollutant and the concentration in air is usually much higher in urban areas with more traffic activity. The data in report studied by Fens Ixia, Victor Bracer (2006) shows hat no statistically significant impact on NON according to the amount of rainfalls and wind speed. In other words, the driving force behind NON pollutant levels is mostly based on population density and related human activities. Part 3 Causes of Fog City Formation Cocooning has been seeing a tremendous speed of both economic and social progress. It keeps maintaining a high ranking of GAP growth rate and attracts a great deal of both domestic and oversea investors in recent years, since the State pours enough much and magnificent attention into Choosing strategic development with great sums of national financial fund. Cocooning belongs to one of four municipalities, while it is the newest and most vibrant one. It spares no effort to catch this opportunity to and stimulate diversified industries, such as tourism, manufacturing, off-shore finance and electronics. With all these programs being under highly fast construction, Cocooning may not escape the common development track of suffering from pollutions, just like other advanced industrial cities. It is reported that 16 of the worlds 20 most air-polluted cities AR in mainland China (source: State of the World 2006), under which circumstances, China suffered SIS$38 billion in costs elated to sulfur dioxide emissions in 2005. (source: State Environmental Protection Agency 3-8-06). Till ending part of last century, ambient concentrations of particulates and sulfur dioxide in many Chinese cities are among the highest in the world and are significantly above World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines and Chinese air quality standards. An article released in 1998 by the WHO noted that seven of the ten most polluted cities in the world can be found in China (Green Nature, 2004). When in light of energy consumption, coal consumption is the major one, and accounts for about 62. 5% of total energy consumption. This kind of energy using led to the deteriorating of air quality. Since 1997, the year Of Cocooning municipal establishment, the Fog City becomes more and more foggy. The air pollution resulted from diverse ways, namely houses everyday cooking factories emission and vehicles gas exhausting. However, the floating dust may stem largely from the building of construction sites, a host of high roads and flyovers. The problem remains serious, along with inhale particles, which even took place of floating dust and became Choosing primary pollutant. Even under this scenario, before 2005 launched Action Blue Sky Campaign, Cocooning was not aware of the severity and did not take steps to prevent the prevailing use of high-sulfur coal in factories, which were the primary source of letting out the sulfur dioxide, which will definitely result in the widespread acid rains. Many citizens in Cocooning complained the atmospheric issues and acid rains. They declared acid rain should be responsible for their losing hair and skin diseases. Long before, the scholars have already asserted the acid rain mainly concentrated in the region: south region to the Yanking River, east to Chuan and Yuan, including Sneezing, Fijian, Axing, most of Human and Cocooning as well as the Yanking River delta and Pearl River delta. This phenomenon means the acid rain issue is not just regional one, but a national issue worth every individuals attention. The power sector, with its widespread use of tall smoke-stacks, is probably the main contributor to long-range transport of sulfur and nitrogen oxides. Based on large amount of files, coal consumption is still the major source of air pollution in Cocooning. About 62% of total smoke and dust emissions and 95% of sulfur dioxide (SIS) come from coal combustion (In and See, 1998). However, some studies suggest that a sizable portion Of long-distance sulfur deposition can come from non-power sector, or areas and sources too. PM (particulate matter), or particulates, is another vital term making a negative influence on the air quality and belongs to particle pollution scope. They can adversely affect human health and also have impacts on climate and precipitation. Subtypes of atmospheric particle matter include suspended particulate matter (SUMP), resalable suspended particle (RSVP; particularities diameter of 10 micrometers or less), fine particles (diameter of 2. 5 micrometers or less, ultramarine particles, and soot). PM. 5 at present is catching more attention, since Beijing suffers a great deal of misty days, which mostly resulted from PM. 5. In addition, the direct aerosol effect consists of any direct interaction of radiation with atmospheric aerosol, such as absorption or scattering. It affects both short and long wave radiation to produce a net negative irradiative forcing. (Carlson, R. J et al. , 1992) The magnitude of the resultant irradiative forcing due to the direct effect of an aerosol is dependent on the lobed of the underlying surface, as this affects the net amount of radiation absorbed or scattered to space. Haywood et al. , 2000) The Direct aerosol effect is a first order effect and is therefore classified as a irradiative forcing by the EPIC. (Foresters, Piers et al. , 2007) Luckily, Choosing problem with PM. Is not as ill as that in Beijing. According to report released on the State of Environment in China (Jiao and Cocooning Environmental Monitoring Center (hanging Jeannine,IÂ ¶ *ENJOY), during 2001 and 2003, the sever misty days occurred in Cocooning were around 120-130 per year, and what is horrible is that such days were more than 150 days per year after 2004. The severity of such a problem has exceeded greatly than the same issue in Pearl Rive r delta, if we measure by the criteria of happening frequency. Though Cocooning belongs to one of the 6 key cities (Sanctimoniousnesss, the terrifying environmental problems, particularly the air pollution, never attract enough attention from no matter central governments or municipal governments. To summarize, diverse versions of reasons should be responsible for the formation of Choosing unique weather and the shaping of air pollution. Notwithstanding, the most prior issue should lie in that the governments did not take enough attention and measures to keep the citys development sustainable during the enormously fast industry acceleration. Hence, various levels of governments are ought to burden the responsibilities voluntarily and as efficiently as they can. Part 4 Approaches Hong Kong and Cocooning Governments Take to Solve the Air Problems To improve the air pollution problems in Hong Kong, the Government set the emission reduction target for the four major air pollutants: sulfur dioxide (SIS), Knox, RSVP and volatile organic compounds (VOCE) by 40%, 20%, 55% and 55% respectively in the region by 2010, using 1997 as the base year. Meanwhile, Hong Kong Government noticed that the milestones of air pollution. In December 2003, the Pearl River Delta (PROD) Air Quality Management and Monitoring Special Panel was set up under the Hong Kong/Conditioning Working Group to follow up on the tasks under the Management Plan To control the emission of pollutants from motor vehicles, the Hong Kong Government implemented a comprehensive motor vehicle emission control programmer. From 1st January 2005, the Hong Kong Government tightened the motor petrol standard to Euro IV. Meanwhile, the Government required the installation of vapor recovery systems for vehicles refueling at petrol filing stations from 31 March 2005. In 2005, the Gudgeon Provincial Government was inclined to focus on controlling pollutants from industrial plants. The Government constructed four large natural gas power plants and required all coal-fired power plants must retrofit with Low-Knox burner (LEN). Furthermore, the Government evaluated the numerous industrial plants in relation to processes and facilities, and closed those industrial plants with high SIS and dust emissions. Compared with Table 4. 1 , Table 4. Shows that the change in emission level during 1997-2006 for four pollutants had a bigger improvement, especially the SIS, which was reduced hang in emission from 31% to 12%. This implies that the measures carried out by both governments were really effective. To further control the emission reduction from diesel vehicles, the Chief Executive announced a series of new init iatives in his 2006 Policy Address. On 1 April 2007, the Hong Kong Government launched a one-off granted scheme with 33. 2 billion to subsidize the car owners to replace their pre-Euro and Euro I commercial diesel vehicles with Euro IV models. Meanwhile, the Government extended the mandatory requirement of installing emission reduction devices to long idling pre-Euro diesel vehicles from 1 April 2007. Since then, all pre-Euro diesel vehicles are required to install emission reduction devices. In order to control the SIS emission, the Government imposed emission caps on power plants and tightened them progressively. In August 2007, the two governments signed the Cooperation Agreement to Promote Energy Efficiency, Cleaner Production and Comprehensive Utilization of Resources to Enterprises in Hong Kong and Gudgeon. They also jointly conducted demonstration projects on cleaner production by industrial enterprises and launched a five-year Cleaner Production Partnership Programmer starting room April 2008 to encourage Hong Kong-owned factories operating in the PROD region to adopt cleaner production technologies and practices. Starting from July 2009, the Gudgeon Provincial Government implemented comprehensive measures focused on three parts: a) Controlling Emissions from Power Generation b) Controlling Emissions from Road Transport c) Controlling Emissions from Industrial Sector. For power generation, the Gudgeon Government prohibited the new development of power plants with coal-fired or oil-fired in the PROD region. The Government required that all newly vehicles in Provinces must fulfill the National Ill vehicle emission tankard and provide clean motor fuels to all cities in the PROD Region by the end of this year so as to control the emission of pollutants from road transport. Industrial sector is encouraged the use of clean energy at industrial boilers and kilns and installed dust removal, desertification and low KNOX combustion technologies at industrial boilers and kilns. The figures of 2009 show that with the implementation of local control measures and Gudgeon Provincial Government co-operation, the emission of the four major air pollutants has decreased by 24% to 58% from 1 997 to 2009. Even though the hang in emission level during 1997-2009 for KNOX, RSVP and VOCE has reached the 2010 emission reduction target, the SIS was far away from the reduction target, as shown in Table 4. 3. In fact, air quality in districts with heavy traffic has already improved after 1999. Compared with 1 999, the roadside concentration of pollutants released from vehicles, such as suspended particulates, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides, has been reduced by 34%, 60% and 30% respectively in 201 0, as shown in Figure 4. 1 . As a result of the introduction of ultra-low sulfur diesel for vehicle fleet in late 000 and the subsequent introduction of Euro V motor diesel in Deck 2007, the average SIS concentration at roadside in 201 2 (Oops/mm) dropped by 63% as compared with the 1999 (peg/mm), as shown in Figure 4. 2. Besides, High level of roadside RSVP has long been a major air pollution concern in Hong Kong. The annual average of RSVP concentration at roadside in 2012 had reduced by 42% when compared with 1999 value as a result of the implementation of various vehicle emission control measures in recent years (Figure 4. 3). The annual average of Knox in urban areas exhibited a gradual decline inning trend over the past decade. During the same period, the roadside KNOX concentration showed a more distinct decreasing trend, reflecting a reduction in vehicular KNOX emission as a result of vehicle emission control measures implemented in the past decade. The roadside KNOX concentration in 2012 was 31 % lower than that in 1999 (Figure 4. ). Simultaneously, to make compensations to the aforementioned deteriorating of air quality, the Cocooning Government did not hesitate to take moves. In 2005 had decided to launch a municipal program called Action Blue Sky Campaign. The campaign was anticipated gradually to maintaining the high level of air laity, conceiving a favorable living environment for citizens and gradually removing all the root causes stem from air pollution that can lead the citizens to suffer. All this campaign was planned to be implemented around six years, at the cost 3. Billion Yuan in the first three years and primarily focused on the nine main urban districts (Chemung, covering 2737 Square kilometers. Almost in the mean time, Hong Kong also set up a campaign to prevent air pollution. What is funny and coincident is that the action name is exactly the same with Choosing campaign: The Action Blue Sky Campaign. This environmental campaign was organized by the Environmental Protection Department to clean up the citys air pollution. It was officially launched by Chief Executive Donald Teasing on July 25, 2006. According to a press release of the Hong Kong government, its campaign slogan in Chinese is , (All of the city participate to fight for a blue sky), while its campaign slogan in English is Clean Air for a Cool Hong Kong! Many activities are planned to reach the environmental goals of the Action Blue Sky Campaign, such as exhibitions with quiz booths are set up in 18 districts, educating the public about air pollution, the Environmental Campaign Committee will reinforce green messages to the public, encouraging people to take various measures to save energy and improve air quality and so on. Before this universally conducted program, a series of similar programs were already launched since 2000, such as Energy Sanitation and Action Purified Air. Fortunately, these programs effectively hold back the expansion of air pollution. Some sever and quite harmful pollutions, like PM O (particles with diameters Of 1 Urn or less) and sulfur dioxide pollution have been eased Step y step. Under this circumstance, some may claim that no more actions need be initiated since the air is getting better and better and the sound of citizens complaining is weakening. However, due to the scientific criteria, the effect was not comprehensive in every sector and the airy problem still remained serious and much worse compared to other cities in China. The general ranking of air quality keeps floating from 30-42 among all the 47 environmentally key cities (Hanging Ghanaian bayou during these decades and only showcases Choosing air quality and retention level belong to or below the intermediate echelon nationally. The municipal government aimed to design the blueprint by different periods of stages and implement the Action Blue Sky Campaign in a long term. Three air-related aspects stem from the aforementioned pollution causes were highlighted: Flowing dust pollution, coal and powder pollution, vehicles- related pollution. Not only pollution, but the relevant safeguard mechanism shall be on the agenda and look forward to a further comprehensive construction. More actions must be taken to protect and optimize the urban ecological environment. Moreover, the government cannot neglect the building of strict environment supervision from interrelated municipal offices. This program also aimed at guaranteeing the days meeting Class II standard can reach and stick around eighty percent of all days counted. In 2006, two years of official conduction of Campaign Blue Skies Action, articles on mass media announced the appealing news from the Cocooning executive meetings that the satisfying and acceptable days in this very year reached 287 days, which implied residents in Cocooning can enjoy nearly more 1 00 fine says (reaching the Class II) than 2000. Thanks to the Action Blue Sky Campaign, more thrilling results manifested: 54 relative manufacture factories were forced to relocate because of their equipments characters: high energy consumption and heavy pollution; API (Air Pollution Index) in nine main urban districts fell to 3. 0 firstly, which implied Cocooning was no longer a polluted city; Morbidity of citizens disease of respiratory system was 17% less than last years figure. Furthermore, first half year of 201 3 has seen that the situation is quite joyful since a great deal of improvement has occurred in he aforementioned aspects. The ranking of Choosing environment, especially air pollution field, was not embarrassing among all the first batch of cities with new criteria nationwide for air quality. In contrast, though worse than Shanghai, the overall level still remains above Beijing, Tannin and a host of surrounding geographically cities, such as Asian, Changed, and Changes. Consequently, more stages were elaborated to fulfill the original goals. 2008-2012 was a period with a fund over 5. 9 billion Yuan and a much higher figure of days meeting the satisfying standard.

Using Verb Tenses in Chinese

Using Verb Tenses in Chinese Western languages such as English have several ways to express tense. The most common are verb conjunctions which change the form of the verb depending on the time frame. For example, the English verb eat can be changed to ate for past actions and eating for current actions. Mandarin Chinese does not have any verb conjugations. All verbs have a single form. For example, the verb for eat is Ã¥ Æ' (chÄ «), which can be used for the past, present, and future. Despite the lack of Mandarin verb conjugations, there are other ways to express timeframes in Mandarin Chinese. State the Date The simplest way to  clarify which tense you are speaking in is to directly state the time expression (like today, tomorrow, yesterday) as part of the sentence. In Chinese, this is usually at the beginning of the sentence. For example: æ˜ ¨Ã¥ ¤ ©Ã¦Ë†â€˜Ã¥ Æ'è ± ¬Ã¨â€šâ€°Ã£â‚¬â€šÃ¦Ëœ ¨Ã¥ ¤ ©Ã¦Ë†â€˜Ã¥ Æ'çÅ' ªÃ¨â€šâ€°Ã£â‚¬â€šZuà ³tiÄ n wÇ’ chÄ « zhÃ… « rà ²u.Yesterday I ate pork. Once the timeframe is established, it is understood and can be omitted from the rest of the conversation. Completed Actions The particle ä ºâ€  (le) is used to indicate that an action occurred in the past and has been completed. Like the time expression, it can be omitted once the timeframe has been established: (æ˜ ¨Ã¥ ¤ ©)我å Æ'è ± ¬Ã¨â€šâ€°Ã¤ ºâ€ Ã£â‚¬â€š(æ˜ ¨Ã¥ ¤ ©)我å Æ'çÅ' ªÃ¨â€šâ€°Ã¤ ºâ€ Ã£â‚¬â€š(Zuà ³tiÄ n) wÇ’ chÄ « zhÃ… « rà ²u le.(Yesterday) I ate pork. The particle ä ºâ€  (le) can also be used for the immediate future, so be careful of its usage and be sure to understand both functions. Past Experience When you have done something in the past, this action can be described with the verb-suffix  Ã© Å½ / è ¿â€¡ (guà ²). For example, if you want to say that you have already seen the movie Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon (è‡ ¥Ã¨â„¢Å½Ã¨â€" Ã© ¾ /Ã¥  §Ã¨â„¢Å½Ã¨â€" Ã© ¾â„¢ - wà ² hÇ” cng long), you can say: 我å · ²Ã§ ¶â€œÃ§Å"‹é Å½Ã¨â€¡ ¥Ã¨â„¢Å½Ã¨â€" Ã© ¾ Ã¦Ë†â€˜Ã¥ · ²Ã§ » Ã§Å"‹è ¿â€¡Ã¥  §Ã¨â„¢Å½Ã¨â€" Ã© ¾â„¢WÇ’ yÇ jÄ «ng kn guà ² wà ² hÇ” cng long. Unlike the particle ä ºâ€  (le), the verb suffix guà ² (é Å½ / è ¿â€¡) is used to talk about an unspecific past. If you want to say that you saw the movie Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon yesterday, you would say: æ˜ ¨Ã¥ ¤ ©Ã¦Ë†â€˜Ã§Å"‹è‡ ¥Ã¨â„¢Å½Ã¨â€" Ã© ¾ Ã¤ ºâ€ Ã¦Ëœ ¨Ã¥ ¤ ©Ã¦Ë†â€˜Ã§Å"‹å  §Ã¨â„¢Å½Ã¨â€" Ã© ¾â„¢Ã¤ ºâ€ Zuà ³tiÄ n wÇ’ kn wà ² hÇ” cng là ³ng le. Completed Actions In The Future As mentioned above, the particle ä ºâ€  (le) can be used for the future as well as the past. When used with a time expression such as 明å ¤ © (mà ­ngtÄ «an - tomorrow), the meaning is similar to the English perfective. Take for instance: 明å ¤ ©Ã¦Ë†â€˜Ã¥ ° ±Ã¤ ¼Å¡Ã¥Å½ »Ã¥  °Ã¥Å'â€"ä ºâ€ Ã¦ËœÅ½Ã¥ ¤ ©Ã¦Ë†â€˜Ã¥ ° ±Ã¤ ¼Å¡Ã¥Å½ »Ã¥  °Ã¥Å'â€"ä ºâ€ Mà ­ngtiÄ n wÇ’ jià ¹ huà ¬ qà ¹ TibÄ›i le.Tomorrow I will have gone to Taipei. The near future is expressed with the combination of the particles è ¦  (yo - to intend); Ã¥ ° ± (jià ¹ - right away); or Ã¥ ¿ « (kui - soon) with the particle ä ºâ€  (le): 我è ¦ Ã¥Å½ »Ã¥  °Ã¥Å'â€"ä ºâ€ WÇ’ yo qà ¹ TibÄ›i le.Im just going to Taipei. Continuing Actions When an action is continuing to the present moment, the expressions æ ­ £Ã¥Å" ¨ (zhà ¨ngzi), æ ­ £ (zhà ¨ng) or Ã¥Å" ¨ (zi) can be used, along with the particle å‘ ¢ (ne) at the end of the sentence. This can look something like: 我æ ­ £Ã¥Å" ¨Ã¥ Æ'é £ ¯Ã¥â€˜ ¢WÇ’ zhà ¨ngzi chÄ «fn ne.I am eating. or 我æ ­ £Ã¥ Æ'é £ ¯Ã¥â€˜ ¢WÇ’ zhà ¨ng chÄ «fn ne.I am eating. or 我åÅ" ¨Ã¥ Æ'é £ ¯Ã¥â€˜ ¢WÇ’ zi chÄ «fn ne.I am eating. or 我å Æ'é £ ¯Ã¥â€˜ ¢WÇ’ chÄ «fn ne.I am eating. The continuative action phrase is negated with æ ² ¡ (mà ©i), and æ ­ £Ã¥Å" ¨ (zhà ¨ngzi) is omitted. The å‘ ¢ (ne), however, remains. For example: 我æ ² ¡Ã¥ Æ'é £ ¯Ã¥â€˜ ¢WÇ’ mà ©i chÄ «fn ne.I am not eating. Mandarin Chinese Tenses It is often said that Mandarin Chinese does not have any tenses. If tenses mean verb conjugation, this is true, since verbs in Chinese have an unchangeable form. However, as we can see in the above examples, there are many ways to express timeframes in Mandarin Chinese. The main difference in terms of grammar between Mandarin Chinese and European languages is that once a timeframe has been established in Mandarin Chinese, there is no longer any need for precision. This means sentences are constructed in simple forms without verb endings or other qualifiers. When talking to a native Mandarin Chinese speaker, Westerners may get confused with this lack of continuous precision. But this confusion arises from the comparison between English (and other Western languages) and Mandarin Chinese. Western languages require subject/verb agreements, without which the language will be glaringly wrong. Compare this with Mandarin Chinese, in which a simple statement can be in any timeframe, or express a question, or be an answer.